Medication plays a central role in managing allergic rhinitis. Antihistamines are commonly used to block the effects of histamine, a chemical released during an allergic reaction.
They help relieve symptoms like sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Some antihistamines can cause drowsiness, while newer, non-sedating options are also available. Nasal corticosteroids are another effective class of medications that reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and relieve symptoms. They are available as nasal sprays and require regular use for optimal results. Decongestants can help reduce nasal congestion, but they should be used for short periods to avoid rebound congestion. Other medications, such as leukotriene receptor antagonists and nasal anticholinergics, may be prescribed in specific cases or as adjuncts to existing treatment.
In addition to medication, allergen avoidance is crucial in managing allergic rhinitis. Identifying and minimizing exposure to allergens that trigger symptoms can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of allergic reactions. This may involve keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons, using air purifiers to filter out allergens, regularly cleaning bedding to minimize dust mites, and keeping pets out of bedrooms or off furniture for individuals with pet allergies.
Immunotherapy, particularly subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy, may be recommended for individuals with severe allergic rhinitis who do not respond adequately to medication or allergen avoidance. This treatment involves gradually exposing the body to increasing amounts of allergens to build tolerance over time. It can provide long-term relief by modifying the immune system’s response to allergens.
In some cases, such as saline nasal rinses, which help flush out allergens and irritants from the nasal passages, may provide symptomatic relief. Lifestyle modifications like regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, and managing stress can also support overall well-being and potentially reduce allergic rhinitis symptoms.
It is important for individuals with allergic rhinitis to work closely with healthcare professionals, such as allergists or otolaryngologists, to develop a personalized treatment plan. Regular follow-up visits can help assess the effectiveness of treatment and make adjustments as needed to achieve optimal symptom control and improve quality of life.
Aditya Patel
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